While most of the major races and religions are represented in Guatemala, a large percentage of the population consists of Mayan descendants.

In 1996, the illiterate index rate was 35,8% prior to the signature of the peace accords between the government and the guerrilla. The indigenous population, integrated Mayan, Garifuna and Xinca groups speak 24 different dialects and practice a Catholicism mixed with ancestral rites and beliefs. Nowadays, there is a recognition and constitutional respect towards the “ways of life, customs, traditions and forms of social organization, the use of indigenous costume in men and women, and languages,” as well as the historical landmarks of the indigenous communities, consequently translated into concrete programs directed to a more productive harmony.